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Benjamin Rubin
In 1965, Rubin began working on an alternative method for providing smallpox vaccinations. The standard method of delivery at the time was the multiple insertion method. Needles were dipped into the vaccine vial and then jabbed into the patient's arm multiple times. This process, though effective, was both painful and time consuming. Rubin sought to simplify the process. His design involved grinding off the end of a sewing machine needle, which opened the thread hole (the eyelet) and resulted in needle that was divided into two branches, like a fork (bifurcated means forked). Rubin found that his new needle would hold just enough vaccine within the small space between the two sections to vaccinate a person with just a few pokes. His design achieved the simplicity he sought, and the needle could easily be replicated in areas that were less developed. Since his bifurcated needle used less of the vaccine, it also meant more people could be vaccinated in areas where the supply of serum was short. Introduction by April Ingram
Table of Contents IntroductionLinks to More Information About the Scientist Key Insight Key Experiment or Research Key Contributors Quotes by the Scientist Quotes About the Scientist Anecdotes Fun Trivia About The Science The Science Behind the Discovery Personal Information Science Discovery Timeline Recommended Books About the Science Books by the Scientist Books About the Scientist Awards Major Academic Papers Curriculum Vitae Links to Science and Related Information on the Subject Sources
Links to More About the Scientist & the Science Invent Now Hall of Fame profile: http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/125.html Lemelson - MIT program profile: http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/rubin.html History Wired discussion of the bifurcated needle (image), mentioning Rubin: http://historywired.si.edu/object.cfm?ID=1 Sliders & Images here Image Flow Here
Key Contributors
The Science Behind the Discovery
Curriculum VitaeLinks to Information on the Science Sources/References
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