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Demikhov, Vladimir (July 18, 1916 - Novemver 22, 1998) Born in Russia Year of Discovery: 1953   Bypass Surgery Made Possible by His Experiments In 1936, well-known Russian Nobel Prize winner Ivan P. Pavlov wrote, A Letter to Scientific Youth, instructing young Russian students to pursue scientific interests, despite adverse circumstances. One of the young Russians inspired by Pavlov's letter was 20-year-old Vladimir Demikhov. Conditions in Russia during this time could not have been much worse, as Stalin's Great Purge was ongoing. During this time millions of Soviets were put into Gulags, where the life expectancy was a single harsh winter. This was a closed society, hidden behind what became known as the Iron Curtain. Behind it Vladimir Demikhov began quietly transforming cardiac treatment techniques and organ transplants with his experimental innovations. Amidst the horrific mass killing in his country, he focused his efforts on ways to save one life at a time. Demikhov's investigational work was not supported, so all of his experiments had to take place late in the evenings or on weekends. He experimented on dogs, and the first successful heart-lung transplant took place June 30, 1946. The dog survived for 9 hours and 26 minutes. Later that same year, in October, a similar transplant was done and the dog survived 5 additional days. In his work studying organ transplantation, Demikhov had connected and re-connected blood vessels more than 700 times. This gave him the insight and experience to know all about how the vessels around the heart react and allowed him to perform the first successful animal coronary artery bypass on July 29, 1953. Vasilii Kolesov translated Demikhov's success to humans and directed the only surgical center in the world that performed these coronary artery procedures between February 25, 1964, and May 9, 1967. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a critical procedure for people who have dangerous hardening and narrowing of their coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are the vessels that bring the oxygen-rich blood to the heart. If left untreated, coronary artery disease can lead to a heart attack. The surgery creates new routes around the narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing better blood flow to the heart, delivering much needed oxygen and nutrients. Millions of these procedures have been performed around the world since 1979, and it is estimated that over 2.4 million lives have been saved. During the Cold War, the majority of Russian scientists were able to read English and they learned about scientific and medical advances being made in the West, but the West seemed to have little interest in discoveries being made in Russia. Demikhov's publications were in Russian, so they were not available until 1962, when his monograph was translated and published in English. His main interest was always in organ transplantation and he was extremely proud of his work, always inviting visitors into his laboratory. One of his controversial "successes" was when he conducted dog head transplants during the 1950s, resulting in two-headed dogs that stayed alive for several months.
Introduction by April Ingram
Table of Contents IntroductionLinks to More Information About the Scientist Key Insight Key Experiment or Research Key Contributors Quotes by the Scientist Quotes About the Scientist Anecdotes Fun Trivia About The Science The Science Behind the Discovery Personal Information Science Discovery Timeline Recommended Books About the Science Books by the Scientist Books About the Scientist Awards Major Academic Papers Curriculum Vitae Links to Science and Related Information on the Subject Sources
Links to More About the Scientist & the Science Wikipedia entry: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Demikhov Stranger Than Fiction website article discussing Demikhov's transplants: The New York Times obituary of Demikhov: Sliders & Images here Heroes Featured in Scientists Greater than Einstein Click the thumbnail to jump to the scientist. Click the large image, scientist's name or "read more" to go to the scientist's page.
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The Science Behind the Discovery
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